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  • WHO Luncurkan Laporan Resistensi Antimikroba Sedunia: Intisari dan Kontribusi OUCRU

    WHO Luncurkan Laporan Resistensi Antimikroba Sedunia: Intisari dan Kontribusi OUCRU

    WHO baru saja menerbitkan Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance (GLASS) Report edisi terbaru. Laporan 2025 ini memberikan gambaran paling lengkap dan terkini tentang situasi resistensi antimikroba (AMR) di seluruh dunia, berdasarkan data dari 104 negara.

    GLASS adalah sistem global yang memantau bagaimana kuman bereaksi terhadap antibiotik dan bagaimana negara-negara memperkuat kemampuannya dalam mengawasi AMR.

    Berikut poin-poin terpenting dari laporan GLASS 2025:

    1. Pengawasan global semakin kuat
    Jumlah negara yang melaporkan data AMR meningkat dari 25 pada 2016 menjadi 104 pada 2023. Meski begitu, data dari kawasan Amerika, Pasifik Barat, dan sebagian Afrika masih terbatas.    		2. Resistensi kian meluas
    Sekitar satu dari enam infeksi bakteri di dunia kebal terhadap antibiotik. Tingkat resistensi tertinggi tercatat di Asia Tenggara dan Mediterania Timur.
    3. Bakteri gram-negatif kritis kian sulit diobati
    Bakteri umum seperti E. coli, K. pneumoniae, dan Acinetobacter spp. semakin kebal, bahkan terhadap antibiotik terkuat seperti karbapenem. Kuman-kuman ini sering menyebabkan pneumonia, sepsis, dan infeksi saluran kemih.    		4. Negara berpendapatan rendah-menengah menanggung beban terberat
    Resistensi tertinggi muncul di wilayah dengan sistem kesehatan dan kapasitas diagnostik yang lemah. Kondisi ini berujung pada suatu lingkaran setan: kurangnya pemeriksaan mempercepat penyebaran resistensi dan resistensi yang meningkat membuat infeksi semakin sulit ditangani.
    5. Penggunaan antibiotik lini pertama masih jauh dari target
    Antibiotik lini pertama hanya mencakup sekitar separuh dari penggunaan global. Target WHO pada 2030 adalah 70 persen. Antibiotik lainnya seharusnya digunakan sebagai pilihan terakhir.    		 

    Kontribusi OUCRU dalam Laporannya

    Raph Hamers dan Gilbert Lazarus memimpin tim OUCRU Indonesia dan melibatkan peneliti-peneliti dari University of Calgary dan WHO untuk menyusun tinjauan sistematis dalam Bab 4 GLASS 2025. Tinjauan ini membandingkan data resistensi dari publikasi ilmiah selama tahun 2018–2023 dengan data pengawasan GLASS tahun 2023.

    Kegiatan laboratorium di OUCRU Indonesia di mana para peneliti meneliti resistensi antimikroba (foto ilustrasi).

    Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat resistensi yang dilaporkan dalam publikasi ilmiah sering kali lebih tinggi daripada data GLASS. Hal ini wajar karena sebagian besar studi ilmiah tentang AMR dilakukan di rumah sakit-rumah sakit besar yang biasanya menangani kasus AMR yang paling berat dan paling kebal obat. Terlepas dari perbedaan tersebut, kedua sumber data menunjukkan pola yang sama tentang tingginya resistensi, terutama pada Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus, dan Salmonella spp.

    “GLASS memberikan gambaran makro di tingkat nasional dan global, sedangkan tinjauan sistematis ini memperluas cakupan wilayah serta memberikan data yang lebih detail, sehingga hotspots regional yang tidak tampak dalam rata-rata nasional bisa terlihat,” ujar Gilbert Lazarus, dokter peneliti di OUCRU Indonesia.“

    “Kontribusi terhadap laporan WHO ini adalah bagian dari komitmen OUCRU untuk memperkuat penelitian berbasis bukti terkait resistensi antimikroba,” kata Raph, Kepala Program Riset Penyakit Infeksi Klinis di OUCRU Indonesia. “Kami bangga bekerja bersama WHO dan para mitra untuk memperkuat bukti yang diperlukan bagi pengambilan kebijakan yang lebih baik.”

    OUCRU Indonesia memiliki portofolio riset AMR yang aktif, termasuk ACORN, NASPA, uji klinis PRYSMA, dan berbagai studi lainnya.

  • WHO Releases New Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Report: Highlights and OUCRU’s Contribution 

    WHO Releases New Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Report: Highlights and OUCRU’s Contribution 

    WHO released its latest Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance (GLASS) Report last week, with new findings on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) around the world. The 2025 report draws on data from 104 countries and presents the most complete and up-to-date global picture of AMR to date.

    GLASS is a global system for tracking how pathogens respond to antibiotics and how countries are strengthening their surveillance of resistance. 

    Here are the highlights from the 2025 GLASS report: 

    1. Global surveillance is improving 
    104 countries reported AMR data in 2023, up from just 25 in 2016. But data remain largely missing from the Americas, Western Pacific, and parts of Africa.    		2. Resistance remains widespread  
    Around one in six bacterial infections worldwide are resistant to antibiotics, with the highest rates in South-East Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean regions.
    3. Critical gram-negative bacteria are growing more resistant
    Common Gram-negative bacteria like E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter spp. are becoming harder to treat, even with the strongest antibiotics like carbapenems. These pathogens often cause pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections.    		4. Low- and middle-income countries bear the heaviest burden
    Resistance is highest where health systems and diagnostic capacity are weakest. This creates a vicious cycle: limited testing allows resistance to spread, while rising resistance makes infections harder to treat, especially in places with already limited resources.
    5. Safer antibiotic use still below target
    First-line antibiotics account for only about half of global use, well short of WHO’s goal of 70% by 2030. Other types of antibiotics should ideally be reserved as a last-resort.    		 

    OUCRU’s Contribution to the Report

    Raph Hamers and Gilbert Lazarus led a team of researchers at OUCRU Indonesia who–together with collaborators from the University of Calgary and WHO–conducted the systematic reviews featured in Chapter 4 of the 2025 GLASS report. These comprehensive reviews of the global scientific literature compared antibiotic resistance data reported in peer-reviewed studies (2018–2023) with findings from WHO’s GLASS surveillance system (2023).

    Laboratory work at OUCRU Indonesia, where researchers contribute to studies on antimicrobial resistance (illustrative image).

    The analysis found that resistance levels reported in the scientific literature were often even higher than those observed in GLASS. This is largely because most published studies come from large hospitals, where the most severe and drug-resistant cases are treated. Despite these differences, the two data sources confirmed the same overall patterns of widespread and rising resistance, especially among Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. 

    “While GLASS shows the ‘macro’ picture of antimicrobial resistance at national and global levels, the systematic reviews add value by increasing geographical coverage and data granularity, thus identifying regional hotspots that may not appear in the national averages,” explained Gilbert Lazarus, physician-researcher at OUCRU Indonesia. 

    “Contributing to this important WHO report is part of OUCRU’s commitment to advancing evidence-based research on antimicrobial resistance,” said Raph, Head of the Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Programme at OUCRU Indonesia. “We are proud to work alongside WHO and partners to help strengthen the global evidence base needed for better policy and action.” 

    OUCRU Indonesia has an active research portfolio on antimicrobial resistance, such as ACORN, NASPA, the PRYSMA trial, and many other projects.

  • Indonesia Akan Menggelar Uji Vaksinasi Malaria Dwispesies Pertama di Dunia

    Indonesia Akan Menggelar Uji Vaksinasi Malaria Dwispesies Pertama di Dunia

    OUCRU Indonesia sedang mempersiapkan uji klinis Fase 2 untuk vaksinasi yang bisa melindungi dari dua parasit malaria yang paling umum, Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium vivax. Uji coba yang akan dilakukan di Keerom, Papua, ini akan menjadi uji vaksinasi pertama pada manusia untuk dua jenis malaria sekaligus.

    Uji klinis ini menggunakan dua vaksin yang dikembangkan oleh Jenner Institute: R21 untuk P. falciparum dan Rv21 untuk P. vivax. Kedua vaksinnya akan diberikan secara bersamaan sebagai bagian dari regimen multidosis. Tujuannya adalah menghasilkan perlindungan dari kedua spesies malaria hanya dengan satu vaksinasi – capaian baru dalam pengembangan vaksin malaria.

    “Ini adalah langkah penting menuju solusi praktis bagi negara seperti Indonesia,” kata Profesor Kevin Baird, Direktur OUCRU Indonesia. “Vaksinasi yang melindungi dari malaria falciparum dan vivax akan menjadi teroboasan besar bagi Asia Pasifik yang menanggung lebih dari 80 persen beban P. vivax dunia.”

    Dr. Mehreen Datoo, peneliti utama dari Jenner Institute, mengunjungi Jakarta dan Keerom beberapa waktu lalu untuk bertemu mitra dan meninjau persiapan uji coba. Ia berperan penting dalam pengembangan R21, salah satu dari hanya dua vaksin malaria yang telah direkomendasikan WHO. Rekomendasi tersebut didasarkan pada uji coba di Afrika dan hanya menargetkan P. falciparum. Hingga kini, belum ada vaksin berlisensi untuk P. vivax.

    Dr Mehreen Datoo dari Jenner Institute bertemu dengan para mitra di Indonesia untuk bekerja sama dalam uji vaksinasi malaria dwispesies pertama di dunia.

    “Vaksin R21 sudah direkomendasikan WHO untuk digunakan pada anak-anak di Afrika, dan penting untuk mempertimbangkan perluasan penggunaannya serta di mana lagi vaksin ini bisa bermanfaat,” ujar Datoo. “Studi ini akan membantu kita memahami bagaimana kinerja vaksin pada orang dewasa di wilayah lain, sekaligus meneliti potensi perlindungan terhadap spesies malaria lain seperti P. vivax. ”

    Keerom dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian karena tingkat kasus malarianya yang sangat tinggi. “Penyakit ini bersifat hiperendemis di wilayah tersebut, menyebabkan sakit berat dan kematian setiap tahun,” kata Baird. “Kondisi ini menjadikannya lokasi yang ideal untuk menguji performa vaksinasi dwispesies di situasi nyata.”

    Pada Februari lalu, Direktur Jenner Institute Profesor Adrian Hill bertemu Menteri Kesehatan Indonesia, Budi Gunadi Sadikin, untuk memaparkan perkembangan vaksin-vaksinnya secara global dan mengusulkan rencana uji coba di Indonesia

    Uji klinis Fase 2 ini direncanakan dimulai setelah uji klinis Fase 1 Rv21 di Inggris selesai, diperkirakan sekitar pertengahan 2026.

    Ini akan menjadi uji coba vaksin malaria kedua yang dilakukan OUCRU Indonesia, setelah tahun lalu menggelar studi vaksin malaria pertama di Indonesia, khususnya uji vaksin Sanaria® PfSPZ dan Sanaria® PfSPZ-CVac.

    Sebagai salah satu lembaga penelitian penyakit menular terdepan di Indonesia, OUCRU Indonesia saat ini memimpin tiga dari enam uji klinis aktif di tanah air.

  • Indonesia to Host First Dual-Species Malaria Vaccination Trial

    Indonesia to Host First Dual-Species Malaria Vaccination Trial

    OUCRU Indonesia is preparing a Phase 2 clinical trial of a malaria vaccination designed to protect against the two most widespread malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The trial, to be conducted in Keerom, Papua, will be the first to test a dual-species malaria vaccination in humans. 

    The trial will test two vaccines developed by the Jenner Institute: R21 for P. falciparum and Rv21 for P. vivax. These will be administered together as part of a multi-dose vaccination regimen. The long-term goal is to deliver protection against both species in a single vaccination, which would be a first in malaria vaccine development. 

    “This is an important step toward a practical solution for countries like Indonesia,” said Professor Kevin Baird, Director of OUCRU Indonesia. “A vaccination that protects against both falciparum and vivax malaria would be game-changing for the Asia-Pacific, where more than 80 percent of the global P. vivax burden is concentrated.” 

    Dr Mehreen Datoo, a lead researcher from the Jenner Institute, visited Jakarta and Keerom last month to meet partners and review preparations for the upcoming trial. She has played a key role in the development of R21, one of only two malaria vaccines recommended by the WHO. That recommendation is based on trials conducted in Africa and targets only P. falciparum. There is still no licensed vaccine for P. vivax.

    Dr Mehreen Datoo meets with partners in Indonesia to collaborate on the world’s first dual-species malaria vaccination trial in June 2025.

    “The R21 vaccine is already recommended by the WHO for use in children in Africa and it is important to think about extending this recommendation and where else it can be of benefit,”  said Datoo. “This study will help us understand how the vaccine performs in adults in other regions, as well as explore protection against other malaria species such as P. vivax. ” 

    Keerom was selected as the study site due to its extraordinarily high malaria incidence. “The disease is hyperendemic in the region, causing severe illness and deaths every year,” said Baird. “This makes it an ideal setting to study how a dual-species vaccination performs in real-world conditions.” 

    In February, Jenner Institute Director Professor Adrian Hill met with Indonesia’s Health Minister Budi Gunadi Sadikin to present the vaccine’s global progress and propose plans for its evaluation in Indonesia. 

    This phase 2 trial is planned to begin after the Rv21 Phase 1 trial in the UK concludes, expected around mid-2026. 

    This will be OUCRU Indonesia’s second malaria vaccine trial, following its work last year on Indonesia’s first-ever malaria vaccine study, which tested Sanaria® PfSPZ and Sanaria® PfSPZ-CVac. 

    As one of Indonesia’s leading research organizations on infectious diseases, OUCRU Indonesia currently leads three of the six active clinical trials in the country. 

  • Ikuti Kursus Daring Penyakit Tropis Terabaikan WHO dalam Bahasa Indonesia

    Ikuti Kursus Daring Penyakit Tropis Terabaikan WHO dalam Bahasa Indonesia

    Bekerja sama dengan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) dan Universitas Gadjah Mada, OUCRU Indonesia telah menerjemahkan enam kursus WHO tentang Penyakit Tropis Terabaikan (NTD) ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Kursus daring gratis ini dirancang untuk tenaga kesehatan (nakes) guna meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan mereka dalam menangani NTD kulit.

    Topiknya mencakupi kudis, frambusia, mycetoma, dermatologi tropis, kromoblastomikosis, dan kusta. Empat kursus pertama sudah tersedia di WHO Academy, sementara dua kursus terakhir akan diluncurkan akhir tahun ini.

    “Kami berharap inisiatif ini akan berkontribusi pada diagnosis NTD kulit di daerah terpencil,” kata Dr. Marlous Grijsen, Dermatolog dan Ilmuwan Klinis Senior OUCRU Indonesia.

    Akses kursus-kursusnya di https://web-staging.lxp.academy.who.int/.

    Foto header di atas adalah karya Yoppy Pieter yang diambil bagi pameran foto tentang kusta dan penyakit kulit terabaikan lainnya.

  • Klorokuin dan Hidroksiklorokuin Punya Efek Moderat Cegah COVID-19, Ungkap Riset Klinis Besar

    Klorokuin dan Hidroksiklorokuin Punya Efek Moderat Cegah COVID-19, Ungkap Riset Klinis Besar

    12 Desember 2024 – Uji klinis baru menunjukkan bahwa klorokuin dan hidroksiklorokuin memberikan perlindungan moderat terhadap virus Covid-19. Para partisipan riset yang meminum klorokuin (CQ) atau hidroksiklorokuin (HCQ) punya risiko terinfeksi Covid-19 bergejala 15% lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok plasebo. Melibatkan lebih dari 4.600 sukarelawan, uji klinis ini merupakan studi terbesar di dunia tentang manfaat kedua obat dalam mencegah Covid-19.

    Dipublikasikan di PLOS Medicine, riset bernama COPCOV ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kedua obat bisa menekan risiko penyakit pernapasan lain dan mengurangi absensi kerja akibat sakit. Selain itu, hidroksiklorokuin dan klorokuin terbukti aman serta dapat ditoleransi dengan baik oleh para peserta uji klinis.

    Klorokuin digunakan di berbagai RS di Indonesia sebagai bagian dari pengobatan Covid-19. Foto oleh Aditya Pradana Putra, ANTARA.

    OUCRU Indonesia dan OUCRU Nepal turut berperan dalam studi ini. OUCRU Indonesia bertanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan uji klinis COPCOV di Indonesia, sedangkan OUCRU Nepal memimpin risetnya di Nepal. Keduanya bekerja sama erat dengan berbagai mitra lokal di masing-masing negara. Studi ini dipimpin oleh Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit dan dilaksanakan di 26 lokasi di sebelas (11) negara, termasuk Benin, Pantai Gading, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Pakistan, Thailand, Inggris, dan Zambia.

    Perjalanan Penuh Tantangan

    Studi COPCOV sudah dimulai sejak tahun 2020, tetapi menghadapi banyak kendala pada awal pelaksanaannya. Pada awal pandemi, beredar klaim keliru tentang bahaya hidroksiklorokuin yang memicu ketakutan publik. Akibatnya, berbagai otoritas kesehatan menarik dukungan terhadap obat ini dan mencabut izin guna daruratnya. Berbagai uji klinis serupa terpaksa dihentikan atau ditunda.

    Belakangan, diketahui bahwa obat ini tidak efektif untuk pasien COVID-19 yang sudah dalam kondisi parah. Namun, potensi hidroksiklorokuin dan klorokuin dalam mencegah infeksi masih belum jelas, sehingga perdebatan terus berlangsung.

    Meski menghadapi berbagai hambatan, studi COPCOV akhirnya berhasil diselesaikan. Pada Maret 2022, studi ini berhasil merekrut 4.652 sukarelawan di 26 lokasi di sebelas (11) negara.

    Perlindungan Moderat terhadap COVID-19 dan Penyakit Pernapasan Lain

    Hasil studinya menunjukkan bahwa hidroksiklorokuin dan klorokuin memberikan perlindungan moderat terhadap COVID-19. Setelah mengonsumsi salah satu obat ini setiap hari selama tiga (3) bulan, para peserta studi memiliki risiko sakit COVID-19 bergejala 15% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok plasebo. Meskipun tingkat perlindungannya tidak sekuat vaksin, efek ini bermanfaat saat awal pandemi, ketika vaksin belum tersedia.

    Studi ini juga mengungkap bahwa klorokuin dan hidroksiklorokuin bisa mencegah penyakit pernapasan lainnya dan mengurangi absensi kerja. Secara rata-rata, para peserta yang meminum salah satu obatnya kehilangan 337 hari kerja per seribu (1.000) orang selama tiga (3) bulan, sementara kelompok plasebo kehilangan 441 hari. Dengan kata lain, obat ini membantu mengurangi absensi kerja hingga 104 hari. Efek ini bisa sangat bermanfaat dalam mengatasi pandemi, terutama saat awal pandemi.

    Melihat Ke Depan 

    Saat ini, hidroksiklorokuin dan klorokuin mungkin sudah jarang digunakan sejak munculnya vaksin. Namun, temuan dari studi COPCOV memberikan wawasan penting tentang peran kedua obat ini saat awal pandemi. “Obat-obat ini tetap menjadi bagian dari alat potensial kita saat menghadapi ancaman kesehatan baru,” kata Assoc. Prof. Raph Hamers, salah satu peneliti dalam studi ini sekaligus Kepala Program Riset Klinis Penyakit Menular OUCRU Indonesia.

    Raph juga menekankan pentingnya penelitian berkualitas tinggi dalam menghadapi tantangan kesehatan global. “Menyelesaikan studi ini sangat menantang di tengah pandemi. Penelitian klinis yang baik sangat penting untuk memberikan dasar intelijen dalam menghadapi epidemi di masa depan,” tambahnya.

    Studi ini didanai oleh COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator dari Wellcome dan diadakan atas kerja sama dengan berbagai institusi penelitian global. Terlepas dari tantangan pandemi, studi COPCOV telah memberikan wawasan penting tentang strategi pencegahan pada awal pandemi serta memperkuat pentingnya penelitian klinis yang menyeluruh dalam menghadapi krisis kesehatan global.

  • Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Show Moderate Effect in Preventing COVID-19, New Large Clinical Trial Shows

    Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Show Moderate Effect in Preventing COVID-19, New Large Clinical Trial Shows

    12 December 2024 – The world’s largest study on the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) to prevent COVID-19 has published results showing moderate protection against the virus. The trial involved over 4,600 participants and found a 15% reduction in symptomatic COVID-19 among those who took the medications compared to those who took a placebo.

    Published in PLOS Medicine, the study, called COPCOV, also showed that both drugs reduced other respiratory illnesses and helped people miss fewer days at work due to sickness. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine were also found to be safe and well tolerated by participants.

    Chloroquine is used in hospitals in Indonesia as part of treatment of Covid-19. Photo Credit: Aditya Pradana Putra, ANTARA.

    OUCRU Indonesia and OUCRU Nepal took part as collaborators in this study, with OUCRU Indonesia managing the trial in Indonesia and OUCRU Nepal overseeing the trial in Nepal, working closely with local partners in both countries. The overall study was led by the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit and conducted across 26 sites in 11 countries, including Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Pakistan, Thailand, the UK, and Zambia.

    A Challenging Journey 

    The COPCOV study began in 2020 but faced many challenges at the beginning. Early in the pandemic, there was a false claim that hydroxychloroquine was dangerous, which caused public distrust. As a result, regulatory authorities withdrew their support for the drug and revoked emergency authorizations for its use. This led to many trials, which were looking into its potential for treating COVID-19, being paused or stopped altogether.

    Then it became clear later that these drugs did not help severely ill COVID patients. However, their potential to prevent infection was still unknown, keeping the controversy alive.

    Despite these setbacks, the COPCOV study resumed and completed its recruitment across 26 sites in 11 countries, involving a total of 4,652 participants by March 2022.

    Moderate Prevention against COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Illnesses 

    The study showed that hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine offered moderate protection against COVID-19. After taking either medication daily for 3 months, participants had a 15% lower risk of developing symptomatic COVID-19 compared to those who took a placebo. Although this level of protection was not as strong as that provided by vaccines, it would have been valuable earlier in the pandemic when vaccines were not yet available.

    The study also found that hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine helped reduce the number of respiratory illnesses and days people missed from work because of being sick. On average, participants taking these medications missed 337 days of work per 1,000 people over 3 months, while those taking a placebo missed 441 days. This means the medications helped reduce work absences by about 104 days. This benefit could have been useful in managing outbreaks during the early pandemic phase.

    Looking Ahead 

    Though hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are unlikely to be used widely now given the availability of vaccines, the findings of the COPCOV study contribute valuable insights into the role these drugs could have played during earlier stages of the pandemic. “These drugs will also remain part of our potential toolkit in addressing new health threats,” explained Prof. Raph Hamers, a co-investigator of the study and Head of Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Programme at OUCRU Indonesia.

    Prof. Hamers also stressed how this study highlights the crucial role of high-quality trials in tackling health challenges. “Completing this study was hard in the midst of a pandemic. Good intelligence through high-quality clinical research is essential to fight future epidemics. These drugs will remain part of our potential toolkit in addressing new health threats,” he added.

    The study was funded by Wellcome’s COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator and involved collaboration across multiple global research institutions. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the COPCOV study has provided valuable insights into early COVID-19 prevention strategies and reinforced the importance of rigorous clinical research in the face of global health crises.

  • OUCRU góp phần xác định Æ°u tiên nghiên cứu toàn cầu về kháng thuốc kháng sinh

    OUCRU góp phần xác định ưu tiên nghiên cứu toàn cầu về kháng thuốc kháng sinh

    Các nhà nghiên cứu OUCRU từ Indonesia, Nepal và Việt Nam đã góp phần xây dựng danh sách các ưu tiên nghiên cứu về kháng thuốc (AMR) mới được Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới (WHO) công bố. Danh sách 40 ưu tiên này được phát triển cùng với các đối tác toàn cầu, nhằm hướng dẫn nghiên cứu về các bệnh nhiễm trùng kháng thuốc trong vòng 5 năm tới, đặc biệt chú trọng đến những thách thức mà các quốc gia thu nhập thấp và trung bình (LMICs) đang đối mặt.

    Mối đe dọa ngày càng gia tăng của AMR trên toàn cầu

    AMR là một trong những thách thức y tế toàn cầu cấp bách nhất hiện nay. Khi vi sinh vật kháng thuốc, việc điều trị nhiễm trùng trở nên khó khăn hơn, góp phần làm trầm trọng thêm tình trạng bệnh cũng như tỷ lệ tử vong. Điều này gây ra nhiều hậu quả kinh tế lớn như chi phí y tế tăng vọt hay giảm sút năng suất lao động.

    AMR đặc biệt ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến các quốc gia LMICs, nơi việc lạm dụng và sử dụng kháng sinh không đúng cách kết hợp với điều kiện vệ sinh và kiểm soát nhiễm trùng còn nhiều hạn chế tạo ra môi trường cho vi khuẩn kháng thuốc phát triển mạnh mẽ. Do đó, người dân ở các khu vực này dễ mắc phải các trùng kháng thuốc hơn, gây ra gánh nặng lớn cho hệ thống y tế và làm tăng tỷ lệ tử vong.

    PGS Raph Hamers , thành viên cốt lõi của nhóm nghiên cứu, nhấn mạnh:

    “Mặc dù AMR đang được quan tâm toàn cầu, nhưng những lỗ hổng kiến thức lớn vẫn làm chậm tiến độ ứng phó hiệu quả, đặc biệt là ở các quốc gia LMICs. Điều này cản trở sự phát triển trong các lĩnh vực quan trọng như phòng ngừa nhiễm trùng, vắc xin, chẩn đoán, điều trị và quản lý kháng sinh. Việc giải quyết những lỗ hổng này sẽ đòi hỏi sự hợp tác giữa các chính phủ, giới học thuật, nhóm xã hội dân sự và khu vực tư nhân.”

    Là Trưởng Chương trình Nghiên cứu Lâm sàng Bệnh truyền nhiễm tại OUCRU Indonesia, PGS Raph đã dẫn dắt một số dự án tại OUCRU Indonesia tập trung vào AMR, bao gồm ACORN , NASPA và Nghiên cứu BCB .

    Nghiên cứu AMR tại phòng thí nghiệm của OUCRU Hà Nội.

    Một chương trình nghiên cứu toàn cầu phối hợp do WHO dẫn dắt

    Quá trình xác định 40 ưu tiên nghiên cứu bắt đầu từ việc nhận diện các khoảng trống kiến thức hiện có, trong đó OUCRU góp phần tham gia. Quá trình này đã phát hiện hơn 3.000 khoảng trống, được thu hẹp xuống còn 177 chủ đề và được 261 chuyên gia toàn cầu ưu tiên. Kết quả là danh sách cuối cùng gồm 40 ưu tiên nghiên cứu, được thiết kế để có tác động lớn nhất.

    Các nhà nghiên cứu OUCRU đã đóng vai trò quan trọng trong nỗ lực toàn cầu này. GS Guy Thwaites , GS Rogier van Doorn và PGS Abhilasha Karkey đã tham gia vào Chương trình Nghiên cứu AMR trong Sức khỏe Con người của WHO. Sự tham gia của OUCRU khẳng định vai trò lãnh đạo của chúng tôi trong nghiên cứu AMR tại Đông Nam Á và Nam Á, với sự hỗ trợ của nhiều nhóm nghiên cứu liên ngành tại Indonesia, Việt Nam và Nepal.

    GS. Rogier, Giám đốc OUCRU Hà Nội, nhấn mạnh: “Chương trình nghiên cứu của WHO có thể tạo ra động lực để đẩy nhanh nghiên cứu trong các lĩnh vực then chốt và tối ưu hóa việc tài trợ cũng như hợp tác toàn cầu. Bằng cách tập trung vào các nhu cầu nghiên cứu cấp bách nhất, chúng ta có thể cải thiện đáng kể cách thức chống lại AMR.”

    Chương trình nghiên cứu của WHO sẽ đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc triển khai các khuyến nghị từ Tuyên bố AMR tại Đại hội đồng Liên Hợp Quốc và đóng góp vào các chiến lược quốc gia và toàn cầu nhằm kiểm soát AMR vào năm 2030.

  • Peneliti OUCRU Turut Susun Agenda Riset AMR Dunia

    Peneliti OUCRU Turut Susun Agenda Riset AMR Dunia

    Peneliti OUCRU dari Indonesia, Nepal, dan Vietnam ambil andil dalam penyusunan agenda riset AMR yang baru diterbitkan oleh WHO. Empat puluh topik penelitian prioritas ditentukan bersama berbagai kolaborator dari seluruh dunia untuk memandu riset tentang mikroba resisten obat selama lima tahun ke depan. Perhatian khusus diberikan terhadap tantangan-tantangan yang kerap dihadapi negara berpendapatan rendah dan menengah.

    Ancaman AMR Kian Meningkat di Seluruh Dunia

    AMR (antimicrobial resistance–AMR) adalah salah satu tantangan kesehatan global paling mendesak saat ini. Ketika mikroba menjadi kebal terhadap obat-obatan yang ada, pengobatan infeksi menjadi semakin sulit, penyakit yang diderita menjadi lebih parah, dan risiko kematian meningkat. Hal ini juga merugikan secara ekonomi, baik dari segi biaya kesehatan maupun produktivitas yang hilang.

    Dampak AMR diderita lebih parah di negara berpendapatan menengah dan rendah. Penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebihan atau tidak tepat, ditambah dengan sanitasi yang buruk dan pengendalian penyakit menular yang terbatas, menciptakan kondisi ideal bagi berkembangnya mikroba resisten obat. Akibatnya, masyarakat di wilayah ini menjadi lebih rentan terhadap penyakit yang kebal obat dengan angka kematian yang lebih tinggi.

    Assoc. Prof. Raph Hamers berkontribusi terhadap penyusunan agenda penelitian WHO sebagai salah satu anggota tim inti.

    “Meskipun perhatian terhadap AMR sebagai masalah kesehatan global semakin meningkat, masih banyak kesenjangan pengetahuan yang menghambat respons efektif terhadap AMR, terutama di negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Hal ini menghambat kemajuan di area penting seperti pencegahan infeksi, vaksin, diagnostik, pengobatan, dan pengelolaan antimikroba. Untuk mengatasi kesenjangan ini, diperlukan kolaborasi antara pemerintah, akademisi, masyarakat sipil, dan sektor swasta,” ujarnya.

    Sebagai Kepala Program Penelitian Klinis Penyakit Menular di OUCRU Indonesia, Raph memimpin beberapa proyek yang berfokus pada AMR di OUCRU Indonesia, termasuk ACORN, NASPA, dan Studi BCB.

    Penelitian AMR di laboratorium OUCRU Hanoi.

    Agenda Penelitian yang Disusun Secara Global dengan Panduan WHO

    Penyusunan 40 topik penelitian prioritas ini dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi kesenjangan dalam pengetahuan yang ada. Proses yang juga melibatkan OUCRU ini mengidentifikasi lebih dari 3.000 kesenjangan yang kemudian disaring ke dalam 177 topik. Setelah melalui proses pemilihan oleh 261 ahli dari seluruh dunia, 40 butir topik penelitian prioritas pun ditetapkan.

    Berbagai peneliti OUCRU berperan penting dalam upaya global ini. Prof. Guy Thwaites, Prof. Rogier van Doorn, dan Assoc. Prof. Abhilasha Karkey merupakan bagian dari WHO Research Agenda for AMR in Human Health Collaborators. Keterlibatan OUCRU menunjukkan kepemimpinan kami dalam penelitian AMR di Asia Tenggara dan Asia Selatan, yang didukung oleh unit interdisipliner yang kuat di Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Nepal.

    Prof. Rogier, Direktur OUCRU Hanoi, menekankan, “Agenda penelitian WHO ini dapat menciptakan momentum untuk mempercepat penelitian di area-area krusial dan menyelaraskan pendanaan serta kolaborasi global. Dengan menargetkan kebutuhan penelitian yang paling mendesak, kita dapat memperkuat cara kita menangani AMR secara signifikan.”

    Agenda penelitian WHO ini akan menjadi pilar penting dalam menerapkan rekomendasi Deklarasi AMR di Sidang Umum PBB dan mendukung strategi nasional serta global untuk penanganan AMR hingga 2030.

  • OUCRU researchers help shape global priorities in AMR research 

    OUCRU researchers help shape global priorities in AMR research 

    OUCRU researchers from Indonesia, Nepal, and Vietnam contributed to the newly published WHO research priorities for AMR. These top 40 priorities, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) with global collaborators, aim to guide research into drug-resistant infections over the next five years, with a special focus on challenges faced by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

    The Growing Threat of AMR Worldwide

    AMR is one of the most pressing global health challenges of our time. As microbes become resistant to existing medicines, treating infections becomes harder, leading to more severe illness and higher death rates. This has significant economic consequences, in terms of health costs and loss of productivity.

    The impact of AMR is especially severe in LMICs. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics, combined with poor sanitation and limited infection control, create an environment where resistant microbes thrive. As a result, people in these regions are more vulnerable to drug-resistant infections, and the burden of AMR is felt more deeply, with higher death rates in LMICs.

    Assoc. Prof. Raph Hamers contributed to the new WHO research agenda as one of the core team members.

    “Despite the growing attention on AMR as a global health issue, major knowledge gaps still slow down an effective response, especially in LMICs. This limits progress in key areas like infection prevention, vaccines, diagnostics, treatments, and antimicrobial stewardship. Addressing these gaps will require collaboration between governments, academia, civil society, and the private sector,” he said.

    As the Head of the Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Programme at OUCRU Indonesia, Raph leads several projects at OUCRU Indonesia that are focused on AMR, including ACORN, NASPA, and BCB Study.

    AMR research in a laboratory at OUCRU Hanoi.

    A Globally Coordinated Research Agenda Led by WHO

    The process of determining the 40 research priorities began with identifying existing knowledge gaps, a process in which OUCRU was also involved. This led to the discovery of over 3,000 gaps, which were then narrowed down to 177 topics and prioritised by 261 experts worldwide. The result is a final list of 40 research priorities designed to have the most significant impact.

    OUCRU researchers played a key role in this global effort. Prof. Guy Thwaites, Prof. Rogier van Doorn, and Assoc. Prof. Abhilasha Karkey were part of the WHO Research Agenda for AMR in Human Health Collaborators. OUCRU involvement highlights our leadership in AMR research in Southeast and South Asia, supported by a strong, interdisciplinary units in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Nepal.

    Prof. Rogier, Director of OUCRU Hanoi, emphasized, “The WHO’s research agenda can help create momentum to accelerate research in critical areas and streamline global funding and collaboration. By targeting the most pressing research needs, we can significantly improve how we combat AMR.”

    The WHO research agenda will play a crucial role in implementing the recommendations from the AMR declaration at the UN General Assembly and contribute to national and global strategies for AMR containment by 2030.